Training 培训

    Before you compete, you must complete four levels of training - either on the Solent, UK or in Sydney, Australia.

    在参赛之前，选手必须要完成四个级别的培训-培训地点在英国的索伦特或是澳大利亚的悉尼。

    So, you want to be an ocean-racing athlete and overcome the most challenging conditions on the planet? Then you’ll need to warm up on our compulsory training programme first.

    你想成为一名远洋航海运动员、征服地球上最具挑战的海况吗？那么你就必须首先要在我们的强制培训计划中热起身来。

    A core element of the race is our pioneering training programme. We’ll kit you out in extreme weatherproof gear as you experience the challenges of life onboard a 68-foot or 70-foot yacht.

    航海比赛中的一个核心元素就是我们开拓性的培训计划。在你登上68尺或是70尺大帆船经受考验和挑战时，我们将为你配备极致的防水装备。

    From Day One you will build teams, learn the ropes, cook, clean and race. On top of that you’ll learn the basics of yacht maintenance and management, racing tactics, survival at sea and weather routing. Above all, the most important skill you’ll learn is being part of a multi-disciplined, high performance team that will function in every condition that Mother Nature can throw at it.

    从第一天起，你将组建团队、学习操控绳索、做饭、打扫卫生和如何比赛。除了这些之外，你也需要学习帆船维护和管理、比赛技巧、海上生存、按气候制定航线等的基本知识。总结起来说，你要学习的最重要的技能就是如何成为多功能、高效运作团队中的一份子，能够在大自然母亲送上的种种海况中发挥功效。

    With lessons based on the experience of having raced over three million miles applied to our global courses, it is in itself a relentless challenge which will see you constantly progressing and striving to ensure that you are trained to the very highest level possible.

    培训的课程内容都是基于超过全球三百万海里各种航线的航行经验所得，培训本身就是一次严厉残酷的考验，它会让你逐渐的进步成长，确保可以尽可能的将你培训到个人的最高水准。

    Four Levels of Training 四级别培训

    1. CREWING SKILLS 船员技能

    UK / AUSTRALIA 英国/澳大利亚

    6.5 DAYS ON THE WATER 水上6.5日

    Before you can become a great sailor you first need to be a safe and competent sailor. During Week One you will be pushed to your physical limits. You’ll understand just how well you must be able to function while cold, wet and exhausted. As part of the selection process you will need to successfully complete Level 1 before you’re guaranteed a place on the Clipper Race.

    在成为一名出色的海员之前，你首先需要成为一名安全可靠、称职能干的水手。在培训的第一周，你将接受极端的体能训练。你将会明白在寒冷、湿漉、和疲惫的时候，你应该如何应对发挥自身的功能。作为选拔过程的一部分，要想保证克利伯环球帆船赛的一席之位，那你必须要成功的完成级别1的训练。

    2. OFFSHORE SAILING AND LIFE ONBOARD 近海航行与船上生活

    UK / AUSTRALIA 英国/澳大利亚

    6 DAYS ON THE WATER 水上6日

    Discover how to live at a 45-degree angle for prolonged periods while racing. Learn to work in a watch system and race with broken sleep as you sail through the night. You will be amazed at how quickly the skills you learnt on Level 1 come back to you. Not quite like riding a bike, more like riding a bucking bronco – in a washing machine.

    发现一下在倾斜45度角的情况下长时间的航行时，在船上是如何生活的。学习如何在轮班守望制度下工作，夜间航行比赛时分段睡眠。你将会惊奇的发现，这些在级别1里学习的技能很快就被你掌握了。并不像是骑自行车，更像是在洗衣机里骑一匹难以驯服的马。

    3. ASYMMETRIC SPINNAKER TRAINING AND RACING TECHNIQUES不对称球帆培训与比赛技巧

    UK / AUSTRALIA英国/澳大利亚

    6 DAYS ON THE WATER 水上6日

    As your skill and confidence levels increase, so too do the demands we place on you. When you race for real, you will do things right first time and instinctively - you’ll feel assured and at one with the waves. We will help you build your confidence and expand your comfort zone. Clipper 70’s fly asymmetric spinnakers, which are fast, furious fun - and hugely rewarding. The flip side is that sailing is more technical, more demanding and more physical. This is where you will really hone your racing skills. Everything will be about sail trim, making the boat go faster and understanding the weather systems in which you’re racing.

    在你的技能水平和自信提高的同时，我们对你的要求也在提升。当你真正比赛航行时，你所做的所有的事情都将是第一次，而且是本能做出的-你会感到很自信，人海合一。我们将帮助你提升信心，扩展你的驾驭舒适空间。克利伯70尺帆船的不对称球帆速度飞快、刺激好玩，而且绝对的实用。但是另外一方面就是操作起来要更高的技巧要求和体能需要。这一块将会是你真正磨练自己航海技能的时候。关键就是如何见风使舵，让船跑得更快，而且能够充分了解当前行驶状态下的天气系统。

    4. TEAM TACTICS AND OFFSHORE FLEET RACING 团队协作与近海船队比赛

    UK 英国

    6.5 DAYS ON THE WATER 水上6.5日

    You’re almost there, you can feel the start of the race approaching. Now is the time to put the final touches to your pre-race training. You will train with your skipper and team while racing against the rest of the Clipper Race fleet. You will practice race starts, build your team and really get to know your crew mates. Crucially, you will also start to work on establishing a psychological edge over your rivals. Whilst there are no race points at stake during Level 4, you’d better believe that the race has started. Imagine the feeling as you win practice race after practice race…

    ...now you’re ready to race the world, one ocean at a time.

    你差不多要准备好了，而且可以感受到比赛开始前的激动与兴奋。这个时候是给你的赛前培训加上画龙点睛的一笔了。你将和你的船长和队友一同训练并且要与船队中其他的队伍进行比赛。你们将练习开赛动作，打造团队，队友之间充分的相互了解。更加严格残酷的是，你还需要建立起比对手更加强大的意志和心理防线。在级别4的培训里是没有赛事积分的，你最好要全力以赴，想象一下一次又一次的赢得练习赛是怎样的感觉...

    ...现在你已经准备好可以环球航海了，每次都可以征战一个大洋。

    Glossary 航海词汇表

    AFT 船艉区

    Toward the back of the boat.

    帆船上接近船后部分的区域。

    ASYMETRIC SPINNAKER 不对称球帆

    A downwind sail, flown from the bow of a boat, from a short bowsprit [six-foot on a Clipper 70]. Asymmetric spinnakers can only be flown one way round, i.e. with one dedicated corner (the tack) attached to the bowsprit; one dedicated corner (the head) attached to the halyard; and one dedicated corner (the clew) attached to a sheet.

    顺风使用的帆，从船头飘起，系在一个较短的船艏斜桅上[克利伯70尺船上长约六英尺]。不对称球帆只能从一面飘起，一个固定角（抢风角）固定在船艏斜桅上；一个固定角（船首角）连接在升降索上；另外一个固定角(线角）连接在脚索上.

    BEARING AWAY 驶向下风

    Turning away from the wind.

    远离风向方向行驶。

    BERTH(BUNK) 卧铺（床位）

    Bed on board. There are 24 bunks on a Clipper 70.

    船上的床。克利伯70尺帆船上总共有24个床铺。

    BOOM 帆桁

    A pole running at a right angle from the mast.

    与主桅杆垂直方向连接移动的柱子。

    BOWMAN 头桨手

    Crew member who is responsible for most things that happen forward of the mast. Rigs the gear for spinnakers and for headsail changes.

    负责操作打理桅杆前方区域的大部分事物的船员。为球帆准备帆具索具，还要为船艏帆更换做相应准备。

    CUNNINGHAM 康宁汉

    (also called a downhaul). Adjusts the tension of a sail’s luff.

    （又叫做收帆索）。调节帆布转动的松紧。

    DOWNHAUL 收帆索

    A line pulling down either the outboard end of the spinnaker pole or the tack of a sail.

    一条下拉连接在球帆帆柱舷外端，或是帆布抢风角端的绳索。

    GYBE 航向改变

    The action of turning the boat before the wind, i.e. turning her so that her stern goes through the wind.

    随风更变帆船行驶方向的操作，转动帆船让船艉部顺风而过。

    HEAD UP 上风行

    Sailing closer to the wind.

    朝着风向更近的行驶。

    IN IRONS 锁扣

    Boat is pointing into the wind, sail is flapping and probably also going backwards.

    帆船方向指向了风向，帆布左右拍打，还有可能导致帆船向后移动。

    JACKSTAY 侧支索

    A strong webbing strap running the length of the boat on each side. By clipping the lifeline to this, it ensures that Jack stays on the boat.

    非常结实的捆绷带延伸固定在帆船的两侧。将就绳索扣在侧支索上，可以确保船员安全的呆在船上。

    JOCKY POLE 撑杆

    Short pole used to hold the spinnaker guy away from the stanchions and to give a better mechanical angle to the guy to hold the spinnaker pole off the forestay when it is far forward.

    相对较短的一根柱子，主要作用是让球帆拉索与甲板立柱保持距离，当前桅支索太远的时候，可以给拉索提供更好的施力点，以更好的控制住球帆帆柱。

    KITE 风筝

    Another commonly used name for a spinnaker.

    球帆另外一个常用的称号。

    LAY LINE 方位线

    The course on which your boat, sailing close hauled on starboard tack, can just make a windward mark which is to be rounded to port is the starboard tack lay line for that mark. The most windward line on which you would approach the mark on port tack is the port tack lay line.

    帆船行驶的航线，右舷方向迎风行驶，可以做上迎风行驶的标记，绕到左舷那边时就是那个标记的右舷方向的方位线。你在左舷方向上靠近标记做出的最上风线就是左舷方位线。

    LEEWARD 下风

    The direction the wind is going; downwind.

    风行驶的方向；顺风。

    LUFFING 摆动

    Ting the boat into the wind, sail flapping

    将帆船顺着风向移动，帆布左右摆动。

    MARK(BUOY) 马克（救生圈）

    An object the sailing instructions require a boat to pass on a specified side.

    航海规则里要求安装在帆船指定的一侧的物品。

    MAINSHEET 主帆脚索

    Line that controls the position of the mainsail.

    用于控制主帆位置的绳索。

    MAST 桅杆

    A pole usually going straight up from the deck, used to attach sail and boom.

    从甲板直接垂直立起的柱子，用于连接主帆和横桅。

    OBSTRUCTION 障碍物

    An object that a boat could not pass without changing course substantially to avoid it, e.g. the shore, perceived underwater dangers or shallows.

    帆船不得不采取大幅度的航向变更才能避开的物体，比如说海岸，实现预测到的水线以下危及物，或是浅水区。

    OUTHAUL 驶帆索

    An adjuster that tensions the sail’s foot.

    调节帆布脚松紧的工具。

    PORT 左舷

    The left side of the boat when you are looking forward.

    当你朝向船首时，帆船的左边部分。

    PORT TACK 左舷风向

    Wind across the port side.

    刮过左舷的风。

    REEFING 缩帆

    Reducing the amount of sail area.

    减少帆布的面积。

    REACHING 探行

    Sailing with the sail eased.

    帆布撑起比较舒服的形式

    RIG 帆索配备

    The arrangement of a boat’s mast, sails and spars.

    帆船桅杆、帆布、索具的安排配置。

    RUDDER 舵叶

    Underwater part of a boat used for steering.

    掌舵系统的水下部分。

    RUNNING 顺风行驶

    Sailing before the wind with the sail out.

    顺风张开帆布行驶。

    SAIL TRIM 调帆

    The position of the sails relative to the wind and desired point of sail. Sails that are not trimmed properly may not operate efficiently. Visible signs of trim are luffing, excessive heeling and the flow of air past tell tales.

    根据风向调节帆布至比较理想的位置和朝向。调帆不准确的话会导致帆船形式低效。需要调帆时可肉眼看到的信号是帆布摆动，过度倾斜，还有就是风标处有气流通过。

    SEACOCK 通海阀

    A valve going through the hull which can be shut from inside the boat.

    穿透船体的阀门，阀门可以从船内测关闭。

    SEXTANT 六分仪

    A navigational instrument used to determine the vertical position of an object such as the sun, moon or stars. Used with celestial navigation.

    一种导航工具，用于判断物体的垂直方向的位置，比如说太阳，月亮或是星星。是一种利用天体导航的手段。

    SPIGOT 套管

    The male prong onto which the female mast end of the spinnaker or jockey pole fits.

    球帆拴在桅杆末端或是撑杆安装末端用于套上栓套的栓管。

    SPINNAKER 球帆

    A very large lightweight sail used when running or reaching.

    面积非常大重量较轻的帆，在顺风行驶和探风行驶的时候使用。

    SPINNAKER POLE 球帆帆柱

    A pole used to extend the foot of the spinnaker beyond the edge of the boat and to secure the corner of the sail.

    一根柱子，用于延长球帆的帆脚，延伸至船舷以外，也用于禁锢帆布的帆角。

    SPREADER 桅杆侧撑杆

    Spars extending toward the sides from one or more places along the mast. The shrouds cross the end of the spreaders, enabling the shrouds to better support the mast.

    沿着桅杆在侧面向外伸出的横梁。沿着桅杆侧撑杆边缘下拉的绳索可以更好的对桅杆起到稳固和支撑作用。

    STARBOARD 右舷

    The right side of the boat when you are looking forward.

    当你朝向船首时，帆船右边的部分。

    STARBOARD TACK 右舷风向

    Wind across the starboard (right) side.

    刮过帆船右舷的风。

    STERN 船艉

    The back end of a boat.

    帆船的最末端部分。

    TACKING 抢风行驶

    Changing direction by turning the bow through the wind.

    通过调转船头通过风向来改变方向。

    VANG 横桅斜撑

    (Also called a kicker). A device used to keep the boom from rising.

    （又叫做踢腿马）。一个用于固定横桅防止其弹起的装置。

    WINDWARD 迎风

    The direction the wind is coming from; upwind.

    风吹来的方向；上风。

    Life on board 船上生活

    A Clipper 70 is not a place for the faint hearted or work-shy. There are many roles to play on deck. Your race team will be trained to be a self-sufficient unit, capable of handling any situation, no matter how severe the conditions.

    克利伯70尺大帆船可是容不下胆小懦弱、干活放不开手脚的人。船上有很多分工和职责。你和你的队友将会被培训成一支自给自足、无论遇到任何极端的状况都能够自如应对的高效团队。

    As well as the roles listed below, you will also learn how to be a plumber, electrician, tactician, navigator, cleaner, IT specialist, baker, sail repairer, weather forecaster and medic.

    除了下文列举介绍的这几个分工以外，你还需要学习成为一名管道工、电工、战术指导、领航员、清洁工、IT专家、烘焙师、帆布缝纫工、天气预报员以及医护工。

    The definition of the roles below is not absolute; each team finds different defining edges to each job. Each watch should be able to fill each slot so when all the crew is up, there will be double the hands in each area.

    以下定义的分工并非绝对，每个团队都可以对不同的工种找到自己的定义方式。每一组当班船员都需要各就各位，所以说当所有船员都当班时，每个岗位区域内应该是有两名船员的。

    Bowman 头桨手

    Runs the foredeck - which means being involved in most manoeuvres during racing. The Bowman calls distance to the start line and can be seen climbing out on the bowsprit like a seafaring Spiderman. The bowman gets colder and wetter (and more often) than anyone else. Of all the high adrenaline, all-action roles on the boat, this is the pinnacle.

    负责前甲板的操作-意味着在比赛过程中要参与绝大部分的技术动作。头桨手要告知开赛线的距离，而且还要像蜘蛛侠一样爬到船头小桅杆的最前面。相对于其他分工者，头桨手会感到更冷更湿（经常性的）。船上所有最具刺激性的、动作难度高的分工里，这是排名最前的了。

    Mid-Bowman 辅助头桨手

    Backs up the bowman, prepares the sails in readiness for hoisting and is involved with all sail changes. Imagine being on a rollercoaster while icy water is thrown in your face… that’s what mid bow can sometimes feel like! The Mid-bowman must be able to anticipate what those in the cockpit are doing - and what the bowman needs.

    给头桨手做后援，为升帆而准备帆布，要参与所有的帆布更换工作。想象一下做过山车的时候冰冷的水打在脸上是什么感觉，辅助头桨手时不时的就要经历这样的感觉！辅助头桨手必须要能预见到驾驶台的船员要干什么，同时还要打理满足头桨手的需要。

    Mastman桅杆手

    Passes communication from the cockpit to the bow, hoists the sails, works the grinder, sweats, lifts, carries… and never complains. The brawn - and the brains.

    负责从驾驶台向船头传递信息，升帆，摇动绞盘，体力工作，抗抬搬运...从不抱怨。体力劳动和脑力劳动完美的结合体。

    Pitman连接手

    The fulcrum of the team, the Pitman makes everything happen. The boat psychic, the Pitman not only controls the halyards, but anticipates the bowman, mastman and mid bow. With great organisational skills, and always calm under pressure, the Pitman can do ten things at once.

    整个团队的支点，连接手使得每件事都得以发生。作为团队里的特异功能者，连接手不但要控制升降索，还要满足头桨手、桅杆手和辅助头桨手的需要。出色的组织技能，可以在压力之下紊中不乱，连接手是名副其实的一工多用。

    Grinder 立柱绞盘手

    The power house. The grinders control the sheet, trimming the sails constantly with every wind shift and every course alteration. They work the coffee grinder which turns the primary winches to pull the sheet, altering the shape of the sail. They are the ones you’ll see on their knees with bright red faces after every tack!

    甲板上的大力士。绞盘手控制着帆脚索，根据风向变换和航线变换不停的通过绞盘来控制帆布。他们要转动立柱绞盘，带动主绞盘拉动脚索，改变帆布的形状。每次抢风行驶之后，你都会看到他们双膝跪地、累的脸蛋红扑扑。

    Trimmers 帆控手

    Trimmers are pictures of concentration - watching the sails and commanding the grinder. They keep the boat moving fast, consistently fine tuning the sails to make the most of every change in wind speed and direction. Lose focus and you lose miles.

    帆控手要时刻保持注意力集中-观察帆的动向，向绞盘手发出指令。他们让帆船持续的快速行进，持续不断的调整帆布以顺应每一次的风速和风向的改变。稍不留神，付出的代价就是落后数海里。

    Running Backstay 后拉索手

    A vital and often undervalued job. With wind filling the headsails putting tonnes of forward pressure on the mast, the Backstay provides an essential opposite force - which needs to be changed on every tack. This also impacts on sail trim and if the Running Backstay doesn’t time everything perfectly, the mast will come down, so it’s a vital role to get right!

    一项非常关键但时常被低估了的岗位。当风充起船艏帆给桅杆带来了向前上吨级的压力时，后拉索将会提供至关重要的反方向的拉力-拉力的方向每次都要随着抢风行驶方向来改变。这同时也影响着帆布的调整，如果后拉索手不能够精准的掌握时机，那么桅杆就有可能倒下来，因此是一项至关重要的工作！

    Helmsman 掌舵手

    The Helmsman is in constant communication with everyone on deck, anticipating boat movement, waves and wind to drive the boat as fast as possible. They need to be at one with the boat and the ocean and it takes a challenging combination of strength, delicate touch, concentration and anticipation to do the job well.

    掌舵手要时刻与甲板上的每个人保持联络，预先判断帆船的动向、海浪和海风等因素以保证帆船尽可能的快速行进。掌舵手需要与帆船和大海形成一体，做好这一项工作需要的是力量、精准把控和良好判断力的完美结合。

    Mother Watch 保姆当班

    As with every role on board, the crews will take turns in fulfilling every task. Cleaning and cooking in a galley that is bucking and rolling is no exception - and tasty, nutritious and hot meals are an essential morale booster. A happy crew is a fast crew, but if all you can offer is some cold baked beans because you are struggling with the conditions, don’t be surprised to see heads drop and miles lost.

    船上的每个岗位，船员们都需要轮流担当。厨房里打扫卫生和做饭，洗洗涮涮也不例外，可口美味、营养丰富的热口饭菜绝对是激发斗志的好配方。快乐高兴的船员干起活儿来才起劲儿，如果你不太会做饭，只能给队友们开冷的焗豆罐头吃的话，那在比赛的时候看到他们无精打采低头不起、成绩落后的话，别感到意外哦。

    Watch Leaders 当班总领

    Chosen by the skipper, who may choose to rotate the position on each race or leg. Watch Leaders ensure that the skipper’s tactics are being followed and that on-watch is rotated around the roles, whilst continually ensuring that concentration levels remain high and maximum boat speed is achieved at all times.

    由船长选任，每个赛程或者赛段可以轮换岗位。当班总领要保证船长下达的行驶策略得以遵守和实施，确保当班船员们要岗位轮换，与此同时，还要持续保证当班船员们集中精力，在所有时刻都确保帆船能以最高的速度行进。